Brain Tumour Surgery

 All You Need to Know About - Brain Tumour Surgery

When an abnormal growth of cells takes place inside the brain or the vault of the skull, it is referred to as a brain tumour. The human skull is a rigid structure, any unusual growth in this limited space can cause serious problems. This can also cause brain damage, which is life-threatening.

In most cases, the unrolled cell division happens within the brain, but it can sometimes occur in in blood vessels, lymphatic tissue, in the cranial nerves, in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary gland, or from congenital vest cells and pineal gland.

What are the Risk Factors?

The risk factors include:

• Though it is rare to inherit brain tumour, family history can increase the chances by 5% to 10%
• The risk of developing a tumour increases with age
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• Exposure to ionising radiation

What Symptoms should one lookout for?

When it comes to symptoms, it largely depends on the size and the location of the tumour. Most people feel a pressure on or surrounding the brain. The common symptoms are listed below:

•     Headaches, from early morning to even when you are sleeping
•     Blurred vision
•     Seizures
•     The weakening of a limb
•     The weakening of part of the face
•     Frequent incidents of memory loss, confusion, reduced alertness
•     Loss of balance
•     Weakness in muscles
•     Hand tremor
•     Difficulty in reading and writing

How is a Brain Tumour Diagnosed?

A look at your medical history, present condition and a physical exam would give the neurologist an idea of the problem. However, the doctor may also examine and evaluate your:

• Eyes
• Strength of muscles
• Memory
• Coordination
• Ability to do mental calculations

After this, a few tests and investigations may be required, such as:

•     CT Scan
•     MRI
•     X-rays of the skull
•     Angiography
•     Biopsy

Can a Brain Tumour be Treated?

The key factors that decide the course of treatment are:

• Your general health
• Type of the tumour
• Size of the tumour
•  Location of the tumour

In most cases of malignant brain tumours, surgery is recommended, so that the tumour can be removed without damaging or disturbing the healthy parts within the brain. When the location of a tumour doesn’t allow easy removal, even a partial removal may prove beneficial. The surgical process may be combined with treatments like radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment can help in averting complications like the growth of the tumour. If you feel that you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a brain tumour, see your doctor today.

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish 
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मेनिन्जियोमा - सर्जरी द्वारा निवारण

मेनिन्जियोमा (तानिकार्बुद) मस्तिष्क की सतह पर बढ़ते हैं और मस्तिष्क में से बढ़ने के बजाय ये मस्तिष्क को हल्के से धकेल देते हैं। ज़्यादातर मेनिन्जियोमा बेनाइन (सौम्य) होते हैं क्योंकि ये बहुत ही धीमी गति से बढ़ते हैं और इनमें फैलने की क्षमता कम होती है। मेनिन्जियोमा मस्तिष्क में उत्पन्न होते हैं लेकिन ये स्पाइनल कॉर्ड (मेरु-रज्जु) के भागों में भी उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं। 

मेनिन्जियोमा भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के होते हैं जैसे सिम्पल कॉन्वेक्सिटी मेनिन्जियोमा, कॉम्प्लेक्स स्कल बेस मेनिन्जियोमा और इंट्रा-वेंट्रिकुलर मेनिन्जियोमा।        

मेनिन्जियोमा के इलाज के लिए ग्रेड 0 और ग्रेड 1 पद्धतियों का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है जिसमें मेनिन्जियोमा को निकाला जाता है। ट्यूमर के कारण मस्तिष्क और स्पाइन (मेरुदण्ड) में दाब (प्रेशर) उत्पन्न होता है। ट्यूमर के दाब के कारण मस्तिष्क के कुछ विशिष्ट भाग, ब्लड वेसल्स (रक्त वाहिनियां) और ट्यूमर के आस-पास स्थित तंत्रिकाएँ (नर्व्स) प्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रभावित होती हैं। मेनिन्जियोमा को तब तक पहचाना नहीं जा सकता जब तक कि इसके लक्षण उभर कर सामने न आएं। 

• तीव्र सिरदर्द 

• धुंधला दिखाई देना 

• मिरगी और दौरा

• स्मरण शक्ति कम होना 

• उल्टी

अलग-अलग स्थितियों पर मेनिन्जियोमा के अलग-अलग लक्षण होते हैं

• फॉल्क्स एंड पैरा सजाईटल मेनिन्जियोमा: ड्यूरल फोल्ड से लगे हुए उत्पन्न होता है।        ड्यूरल फोल्ड दो मस्तिष्क गोलार्धों (ब्रेन हेमीस्फीयर) को पृथक करता है।         

• ऑल्फेक्ट्री ग्रूव मेनिन्जियोमा: यह उन तंत्रिकाओं में उत्पन्न होता है जो नाक को मस्तिष्क से जोड़ती हैं। 

• पोस्टिरियर फोसा मेनिन्जियोमा: मस्तिष्क के पिछले भाग में उत्पन्न होता है। 

• सुप्रासेलर या प्लेनम मेनिन्जियोमा: यह खोपड़ी के पास वहां स्थित होता है जहाँ पिट्युटरी ग्लैंड (पियुषिका ग्रंथि) होती है।   

• स्पाइनल मेनिन्जियोमा: स्पाइन (मेरुदण्ड) में स्थित होता है, कुछ मामलों में स्पाइनल कॉर्ड (मेरु-रज्जु) के विपरीत।  

• इंट्राऑर्बिटल मेनिन्जियोमा: इस प्रकार का मेनिन्जियोमा आई सॉकेट में या आई सॉकेट के आस-पास उत्पन्न होता है।  

• इंट्रावेंट्रीकुलर मेनिन्जियोमा: यह उन चैम्बरों (कक्षों) में उत्पन्न होता है जहाँ से सेरेब्रोस्पाइनल फ्लूड (मस्तिष्कमेरु-द्रव्य) सम्पूर्ण मस्तिष्क में पहुँचता है। 

डायग्नोसिस (रोग निदान) सीटी और कंट्रास्टेड एमआरआई स्कैन के द्वारा किया जाता है क्योंकि अन्य चिकित्सीय अवस्थाओं में भी समान प्रकार के लक्षण होते हैं।

ईलाज के विकल्प 

सर्जरी 

ब्रेन ट्यूमर का सर्वोत्तम ईलाज है माइक्रोसर्जरी (सूक्ष्म शल्यकर्म) से ट्यूमर को निकालना। सर्जरी का मुख्य उद्धेश्य होता है ड्यूरल अटैचमेंट और पैनीट्रेटेड बोन (हड्डी) से मेनिन्जियोमा को पूरी तरह से निकालना। अगर ट्यूमर में शिराओं (वेन) या छोटी धमनियां या ब्रेन टिशू (मस्तिष्क उतक) पैनिट्रेशन हो, तब पूरे ट्यूमर को निकालना ख़तरे से भरा हो सकता है। मेनिन्जियोमा सर्जरी में मरीज़ की सुरक्षा को सबसे मुख्य प्राथमिकता दी जाती है। अगर पूरी प्रक्रिया जोख़िम से भरी हो, तो सर्जरी टाल दी जाती है। अगर इमेजिंग जांचों में रेसिडुअल (अवशिष्ट) ट्यूमर में किसी भी प्रकार के बदलाव पाए जाते हैं तो मरीज़ को स्टीरियोटेक्टिक रेडिएशन थेरेपी दी जाती है।

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish 
Visit Us: thebrainandspine.com 
Mail us: thebrainandspinecenter@gmail.com
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Know the roots of brain bleeding

Bleeding in the brain is a life-threatening situation. The bleeding which occurs in and around the brain can be termed as brain hemorrhage. Brain bleed would reduce oxygen supply to the brain, and that will lead to extra pressure in the brain cells. Eventually, this extra pressure will damage the brain cells. There are certain early signs that need to be noticed, such as severe headache, sudden weakness, trouble in swallowing, loss of balance, seizures, problems with reading, and related activities.

Causes of brain hemorrhage

The most common causes of brain hemorrhage would be as follows:

• Blood pressure - elevated blood pressure is the major cause of bleeding in the brain. High blood pressure would make the arterial walls weak. The arterial walls will rupture when it is weak. Blood gets collected in the brain, causing a stroke. 
   
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) - AVM is considered as abnormal connections between arteries and veins. Usually, this is present since birth, and in the long run, it would develop into a brain hemorrhage.
   
• Drug abuse - drugs can always weaken blood vessels. The overdose of cocaine or drug abuse damages the brain cells.
   
• Certain medications - some of the medications which are prescribed for treating other ailments might lead to issues with the brain cells. It might cause damage to the brain cells and bleed in the brain.
   
• Injury - accidents can cause damage to the brain when there is not sufficient protection provided. Accidents or injuries can cause the brain to bleed and death.
   
• Infections - viruses that cause encephalitis can lead to infections in the brain, which leads to inflammation of the layers of the tissues in the brain. This inflammation can damage brain cells.
   
• Blood clotting deficiency - hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, and many more are disorders wherein the blood doesn’t get clotted. This is due to the lack of sufficient blood-clotting proteins.  

Medical care
Bleeding in the brain needs immediate medical care. Hence, doctors would require a detailed patient history, physical examination, neurological examination, a CT scan, MRI, angiogram, and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) scan to diagnose and treat brain hemorrhage.

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish 
Visit Us: thebrainandspine.com 
Mail us: thebrainandspinecenter@gmail.com
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What is TB meningitis? What are the early-stage symptoms?

TB is a scary word, and being infected with TB is also a risky factor. It's reasonable to assume that TB is one of the major  diseases out there and therefore it becomes extremely important that we remain vigilant against these diseases. TB meningitis has an extremely unique problem associated with it. The victims of this fatal disease exhibit very little early signs. Because of this, the disease is often overlooked by patients and doctors alike. TB meningitis can initially display vague symptoms such as aches and pains, loss of appetite and tiredness, usually with a persistent headache. Because these symptoms are extremely vague, identification becomes a problem. The only point in which the disease is identified is when the symptoms become more severe, however by this time it may be too late to do anything. The slow progression of the disease is another prominent feature which makes it difficult to diagnose and it is often advanced before treatment begins.

The disease is caused when someone with T sneezes and the droplets which contain the Tuberculosis bacteria is inhaled by the victims. The bacteria then go unto the lungs and starts multiplying in the lungs. The bacteria then enter the bloodstream through the lungs and begins to spread. Once these bacteria enter the bloodstream it's relatively easy for it to effect sensitive tissues like the meninges (protective layers that protect the brain) and brain tissue. Here, it forms small abscesses (tubercles/microtubules). Once these abscesses burst, it leads to TB Meningitis. This causes pressure on the brain and nervous tissue causing damage to them. The damage caused here is the real reason why meningitis progresses into a fatal disease.

It can be scary to be encountered with this disease or to have someone infected. If you belong to this category, we want to tell you not to be scared, there are treatments out there that have a proven track record in curing such diseases. Reach out to us and we'll help recommend an appropriate course of action.

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish

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Mail us: thebrainandspinecenter@gmail.com

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Catch CNS Infection in Early Stage

Infections are troubling; some of us have had it at some point in our lives. Most of us would’ve had an infection in the pulmonary tract, and other common systems. An infection in these systems don’t always prove to be fatal, however there are more delicate parts of our body that are particularly susceptible to these infections. Chief among them is our Central Nervous System or CNS.

These viruses attack and damage the cells in the nervous system or they affect the meninges which is the tissue that constitutes the Central Nervous System. Both situations are extremely dangerous. 

Let us look at common symptoms that accompany viral infection on our CNS. It is quite difficult to list out these symptoms and they will seem troubling. Viral central nervous system infections in newborns and infants usually begin with fever. Newborns may have no other symptoms and may initially not otherwise appear ill. Infants older than a month or so typically become irritable and fussy and deny food. Vomiting is common. Sometimes the soft spot on top of a newborn's head begins to bulge when the newborn is sitting upright, showing an increase in pressure on the brain. The discomfort increases with movement so an infant with meningitis may tend to cry more, when picked up and rocked. Some infants develop a peculiar, high-pitched cry. Infants with encephalitis often have seizures or other abnormal movements. Infants with severe encephalitis may become lethargic and comatose and then die.

Due to the complexity of this disease it is essential that it is caught and treated early, as time progresses the extent of the damage keeps on increasing and it doesn’t take long for the patient to reach a stage where saving him or her wouldn’t be possible.

If such symptoms are noticed, promptly reach out to us so we can better ascertain the condition that you are up against

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish

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Age Factor for Stroke

Strokes can scare us out of our senses; we can be terrified by its very prospect. This is especially true if you’ve had anyone in your family die due to a stroke. As we grow older, all of us are often subject to the fear that our advancing age can invite a stroke. This is a very difficult idea to communicate; however, the cold hard truth is that the possibility of a stroke doubles every decade after the age of 55. The largest number of strokes, roughly two-thirds occurs after the age of 65.
 

These statistics are quite troubling if you’ve crossed those age groups. Instead of panicking, we need to analyze the causes behind a stroke and work to prevent these causes from taking a hold on our lives. The biggest cause for a stroke in older people is excessive blood pressure. This in turn can have multiple causes; however, we need to visit our health care professional routinely to ensure that our blood pressure is always in check and that the probability of a stroke due to increased blood pressure is eliminated.

In conclusion, although the probability of a stroke goes up substantially with age, there are several precautions you can take to ensure that you are not the victim of an unwelcomed stroke.

If you or anyone you know has a family history of strokes or is otherwise at risk of a stroke then please do reach out to us and we’ll recommend the life style changes that are needed to save you from an impending stroke.
 

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish

Visit Us: thebrainandspine.com

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Brain Tumor: Symptoms, Types, Diagnosis And Treatments

Brain Tumor is the accumulation of abnormal or cancer cells in the brain. Usually, the normal cells in the body will age, die and will get replaced with new cells. But cancer cells proliferate, and unlike normal cells, do not die. They grow uncontrollably becoming a threat to our life. 

Not all tumours are, however, cancerous. Some are benign, and do not pose a threat to life. 

If diagnosed in the early stage Brain Tumour can be treated. Below mentioned are the symptoms of Brain Tumor.

• Balance problems
• Changes in mental ability
• Vision problems
• Hearing problems
• Headaches
• Numbness
• Sleep problems
• Memory problems
• Facial Paralysis
• Vomiting
• Muscle jerking 

Brain Tumors are categorised into two: 

• Primary Brain Tumor: Here the tumor forms in the brain and does not spread to other parts of the body.

• Secondary Brain Tumor (Metastatic Brain Tumor): Here the tumor forms somewhere else in the body and travels to the brain. 

Methods For Diagnosis: 

• Neurologic Exam: Your specialist will analyse your vision, hearing, muscle strength, alertness, coordination and reflexes. He also will check your eyes for swelling.

• MRI Scanning: A machine with a magnet is linked to a computer which can show the detailed pictures of areas inside your head. These pictures can show if there is any abnormalities. Sometimes they inject a liquid (contrast material) into the blood vessels of your arm or hand to spot the differences in the brain tissues. 

• CT Scan: X-ray machine which is linked to a computer will take detailed pictures of the areas inside your head. They inject contrast material into the blood vessel of your arm which can show the affected area.

• Biopsy: Here a tissue is removed from the brain and is observed under a microscope for any abnormality. 

Treatments:

After diagnosis, a treatment will be suggested by the specialist depending on the person's age, type of tumor, location, size and general health.

• Surgery: The surgeon will make an opening in the skull and remove the entire tumor.

• Radiation Therapy: They use high powered rays which can damage cancer cells and stops further growth.

• Chemotherapy: Drugs which can kill cancer are given orally or by injection into the blood vessel or muscle. 

At BRAIN AND SPINE DELHI, our expert strives to provide the best treatment for neuro-related problems.

Blog Reviewed By: Dr Manish Vaish

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Mail us: thebrainandspinecenter@gmail.com

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